CLASS 10 SCIENCE CHAPTER 3 METALS AND NON-METALS EASY NOTES class-Ten-science-notes

        

          ᒪEᗩᖇᑎIᑎG ᒍᑌᑎᑕTIOᑎ 

                                     CBSE

                                    CLASS 10 SCIENCE

                  CHAPTER:3 METALS AND NON-METALS

                                                 NOTES

1. Metals:

👉Metals are elements that are typically hard, shiny, and have high melting and boiling points.

👉They are good conductors of heat and electricity.

👉Most metals are malleable (can be hammered into thin sheets) and ductile (can be drawn into wires).

👉Examples of metals include iron, copper, aluminum, gold, and silver.

2. Non-metals:

👉Non-metals are elements that are generally dull in appearance and have low melting and boiling points.

👉They are poor conductors of heat and electricity.

👉Non-metals can be solid, liquid, or gas at room temperature.

👉Examples of non-metals include carbon, sulfur, oxygen, nitrogen, and chlorine.

3. Physical properties of metals:

👉Metals have a lustrous appearance.

👉They are usually solid at room temperature, except for mercury which is a liquid.

👉Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity.

👉They are malleable and ductile.

👉Metals are sonorous, meaning they produce a ringing sound when struck.

4. Physical properties of non-metals:

👉Non-metals have a dull appearance.

👉They can exist in various states - solid, liquid, or gas.

👉Non-metals are poor conductors of heat and electricity.

👉They are brittle and cannot be easily stretched into wires or beaten into sheets.

👉Non-metals are not sonorous.

5. Reaction of metals with water:

👉Some metals react with water to form metal oxides and hydrogen gas.

👉For example, sodium reacts vigorously with water, producing sodium hydroxide and hydrogen gas.

6. Reaction of metals with acids:

👉Metals react with acids to produce salt and hydrogen gas.

👉For example, zinc reacts with hydrochloric acid to form zinc chloride and hydrogen gas.

7. Reactivity series:

👉The reactivity series is a list of metals arranged according to their decreasing reactivity.

👉Metals higher in the reactivity series displace metals lower in the series from their compounds during a chemical reaction.

8. Uses of metals and non-metals:

👉Metals have various uses, such as iron and steel in construction, aluminum in aircraft and utensils, and copper in electrical wires.

👉Non-metals like carbon are used in making fuels, sulfur is used in making matches, and chlorine is used in water purification.

⭐These are some basic notes on the topic "Metals and Non-metals" for Class 10th. Refer to your textbook and class notes for a more detailed understanding and additional information.

FAQ

1. What are metals? Provide some examples.

 Solution: Metals are a class of elements that generally have properties like high electrical and thermal conductivity, malleability, and ductility. Examples of metals include iron, copper, aluminum, gold, and silver.

2. What are non-metals? Give examples of non-metals.

Solution: Non-metals are elements that lack the typical properties of metals. They are generally poor conductors of heat and electricity. Examples of non-metals include carbon, sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, and chlorine.

3. What are metalloids? Mention some examples of metalloids.

 Solution: Metalloids are elements that have properties intermediate between metals and non-metals. They exhibit characteristics of both groups. Some examples of metalloids are silicon, germanium, arsenic, antimony, and tellurium.

4. What are the physical properties of metals?

Solution: Physical properties of metals include high electrical and thermal conductivity, malleability (ability to be hammered into thin sheets), ductility (ability to be drawn into wires), luster (shiny appearance), and high density.

5. What are the physical properties of non-metals?

 Solution: Physical properties of non-metals include low electrical and thermal conductivity, brittleness (tendency to break or shatter when subjected to stress), lack of malleability and ductility, and dull appearance.

6. How do metals and non-metals differ in terms of their chemical properties?

 Solution: Metals generally form basic oxides when they react with oxygen, while non-metals typically form acidic or neutral oxides. Metals tend to lose electrons to form positive ions, while non-metals gain electrons to form negative ions.

7. Explain the concept of reactivity series in relation to metals.

 Solution: The reactivity series is a list of metals arranged in the decreasing order of their reactivity. It helps predict the behavior of metals in various chemical reactions. The higher a metal is in the reactivity series, the more reactive it is.

8. Describe the process of corrosion and how it can be prevented.

 Solution: Corrosion is the gradual destruction of metals due to the reaction with substances in the environment, such as oxygen and moisture. To prevent corrosion, methods like painting, galvanization, and applying a protective layer of oil or grease can be used.

9. What is the significance of alloys? Give examples of commonly used alloys.

 Solution: Alloys are mixtures of two or more metals or metals with a non-metals. They possess improved properties compared to pure metals, such as increased strength, hardness, and resistance to corrosion. Some commonly used alloys are stainless steel (iron-chromium-nickel alloy), brass (copper-zinc alloy), and bronze (copper-tin alloy).

10. How are metals and non-metals used in everyday life?

 Solution: Metals are used in various applications, such as construction (steel), electrical wires (copper), utensils (aluminum), and jewelry (gold and silver). Non-metals find applications in diverse areas, including carbon in making pencils and diamonds in jewelry, sulfur in matches, and oxygen for respiration.

 

⭐These solutions should help you understand the concepts and answer the frequently asked questions related to Class 10 Chapter 3 on Metals and Non-metals.