ᒪEᗩᖇᑎIᑎG ᒍᑌᑎᑕTIOᑎ
CBSE
CLASS 10 SCIENCE
CHAPTER 2 ACIDS , BASES AND SALTS
NOTES
1.Acids:
👉Acids are sour in taste and turn blue litmus paper red.
👉They release hydrogen ions (H+) in aqueous solutions.
👉Examples of common acids include hydrochloric acid (HCl), sulfuric acid (H2SO4), and nitric acid (HNO3).
👉Acids react with metals to produce hydrogen gas.
👉They have a pH value less than 7.
2.Bases:
👉Bases are bitter in taste and turn red litmus paper blue.
👉They release hydroxide ions (OH-) in aqueous solutions.
👉Examples of common bases include sodium hydroxide (NaOH), potassium hydroxide (KOH), and calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2).
👉Bases react with metals to produce hydrogen gas.
👉They have a pH value greater than 7.
3.Indicators:
👉Indicators are substances that change color in the presence of acids or bases.
👉Examples of indicators are litmus paper, phenolphthalein, and methyl orange.
4.pH Scale:
👉The pH scale is a measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution.
👉It ranges from 0 to 14, where 7 is considered neutral.
👉Values below 7 indicate acidity, and values above 7 indicate alkalinity.
👉Each unit on the pH scale represents a tenfold change in acidity or alkalinity.
5.Neutralization:
👉Neutralization is a chemical reaction between an acid and a base, forming a salt and water.
👉The reaction can be represented by the general equation: Acid + Base → Salt + Water.
👉The process of neutralization is widely used in various applications, such as in antacid tablets to relieve acidity.
6.Salts:
👉Salts are ionic compounds formed by the reaction between an acid and a base.
👉They consist of a positive ion (cation) from the base and a negative ion (anion) from the acid.
👉Common salt is sodium chloride (NaCl), which is formed by the reaction between hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide.
👉Salts have various uses, such as in cooking, agriculture, and medicine.
⭐Remember to refer to your textbook or class notes for more detailed information, explanations, and examples.
