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CBSE
CLASS 10 SCIENCE
CHAPTER14:SOURCE OF ENERGY
NOTES
1. Energy: Energy is the ability to do work. It is required for various activities, such as running machines, lighting homes, and powering vehicles.
2. Types of Energy: There are several forms of energy, including thermal energy, kinetic energy, potential energy, electrical energy, and chemical energy.
3. Sources of Energy: Energy can be derived from various sources, which are broadly classified into two categories:
a. Conventional Sources of Energy: These are the traditional sources of energy that have been in use for a long time. They include fossil fuels (coal, petroleum, and natural gas) and wood. Fossil fuels are formed from the remains of plants and animals that lived millions of years ago.
b. Non-conventional Sources of Energy: These are alternative sources of energy that are renewable and environmentally friendly. They include solar energy, wind energy, hydroelectric power, tidal energy, geothermal energy, and biomass energy.
4. Fossil Fuels:
👉Coal: It is a black, combustible solid that is primarily composed of carbon. It is used for electricity generation, industrial processes, and heating.
👉Petroleum: It is a dark liquid composed of hydrocarbons. It is used as fuel for vehicles, in industries, and for producing various products like plastics.
👉Natural Gas: It is a gaseous fossil fuel consisting primarily of methane. It is used for cooking, heating, electricity generation, and as fuel for vehicles.
5. Advantages and Disadvantages of Fossil Fuels:
👉Advantages: Fossil fuels are easily accessible, have high energy content, and are suitable for large-scale energy production.
👉Disadvantages: Fossil fuels are non-renewable, contribute to air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions, and their extraction can lead to environmental degradation.
6. Non-conventional Sources of Energy:
👉Solar Energy: It is obtained from sunlight using solar panels. It is renewable and can be used for electricity generation and heating.
👉Wind Energy: It is harnessed using wind turbines to generate electricity. It is clean and abundant in suitable areas.
👉Hydroelectric Power: It is generated by harnessing the potential energy of flowing water in dams. It is a reliable and renewable source of energy.
👉Tidal Energy: It is obtained by utilizing the tides in the ocean to generate electricity.
👉Geothermal Energy: It is derived from the heat generated by the Earth's interior. It is used for heating and electricity generation.
👉Biomass Energy: It is obtained from organic matter such as crop residues, wood, and animal waste. It can be converted into biofuels or used for electricity generation.
7. Advantages of Non-conventional Sources of Energy:
👉They are renewable and do not deplete natural resources.
👉They produce fewer greenhouse gas emissions and contribute to reducing air pollution.
👉They have the potential to provide decentralized energy solutions.
8. Limitations of Non-conventional Sources of Energy:
👉They may require large initial investments and infrastructure.
👉Their availability may be dependent on geographical location and weather conditions.
👉Some non-conventional sources, like solar and wind energy, are intermittent in nature.
⭐Remember to refer to your textbook and class notes for a more comprehensive understanding of the chapter. These notes are meant to provide a brief overview and key points of Class 10 Science Chapter 14: Sources of Energy.
